The increasing trend of fear-from-Islam in the west has been the reason of a new phase in the relationships between western countries and Islamic Republic of Iran. Due to the trial of great powers in dealing with the decent Islam, not only this situation is not well-matched with the facts of Islamic instructions but also it is against the benefits of Islamic Iran. So it is required to identify the strategies of Islamic Iran to set them in the foreign policy agenda intended for the control of the current trend.In the present article, it has been investigated the most significant strategies in favor of the public and FORMAL DIPLOMACY towards the control of anti-Islamism of the west. FORMAL DIPLOMACY observant of political dimensions and diplomatic channel along with the public DIPLOMACY attentive to media dimension and common thought has taken the effective part in developing culture and making changes in the beliefs and mental images of the addressees.

Many philosophers and logicians have contemplated the relationship between ontology and logic. The author of this paper, working within a Bolzanoan-Husserlian tradition of studying both ontology and logic, considers ontology as the science of the most general features of beings and the most general relations among them. He considers logic as the science concerning the most general statements of all (natural or artificial) languages and the most general relations among them from an inferential point of view. It is possible to see logic in a broader sense as the science of all kinds of relations among all kinds of entities, acts, and processes stating some (objective, subjective, artificial, or conventional) reality. These entities, acts, and processes are not individual, rather, they are idealized, such that their universals may be instantiated at all times and in all places. In FORMAL ontology we search for the properties of those structures of the reality that are FORMALly similar. So we may find some FORMAL truths applying to all things and/or properties and/or processes in different areas of objective/subjective/fictional reality.Surveying briefly the most important relations of logic and ontology in both analytic and phenomenological traditions, the author focuses on this central point: If reality is one as the unity of more or less interconnected and interactive beings of all physical, nonphysical and artificial types, the system of inference too may be one as the unity of more or less interconnected statements of all natural and artificial types. The universal system of inference may be divided into several relatively separate subsystems (having a more or less degree of connection) just as the unified reality has divided into several relatively separate fields (having a more or less degree of connection and interaction). According to such a model for corresponding realities and sciences within the unified reality and the unified science, the author assumes the possibility of beginning to construct both the comprehensive system of reference and the comprehensive FORMAL ontology, both covering all possible members of their own field and being parallel and correspondent to each other, a long-run work, of course, very difficult to do.

The new public DIPLOMACY is a state centered program that its aim is disseminating information or affecting public opinion of other countries. In this regard powerful countries by propagating and disseminating their ideology, values and norms want to send their message and culture to the world and gain superiority over others. The powerful countries will further their objectives by the help of media. They propagate their views through media, political propaganda, covering news and events and forming public opinion in favor of their own country. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to answer this question how public DIPLOMACY by the help of media DIPLOMACY increases its influencing power? It seems that increasing power of media DIPLOMACY have prepared the necessary ground for influencing foreign policy and DIPLOMACY. The authors are of the view that media DIPLOMACY is the most important part of the new public DIPLOMACY in 21st century. The paper also deals with the way media by shaping public opinion influence the process of foreign policy decision making.

In the last century, football has become a major player in cultural, social, economic and, more importantly, political and international exchanges. As this sport affects beliefs, attitudes and practices, and as one of the factors contributing to the formation of internal and external policies and relationships, it can carry out numerous social, economic, cultural and diplomatic functions and has made a lot of change in countries. As a result, sports and sport activities have gone beyond physical activity or entertainment, and have achieved various social, cultural, economic, political and international goals and functions. Analysis of theories and research found that among the various phenomena, football as one of the examples of relations between countries has been able to place a special place among the programs of developing countries to express their own society demands to the world. The political, social, economic, and cultural functions of football, and its effects and effects on the level of interactions between states and others, international actors, have the potential to be theorized and conceptualized. Based on the findings of this study, the specifics and functions of football DIPLOMACY can be seen as strengthening national identity as a means of development, peace and reconciliation tools, a tool for altruism and improving relations, a soft power tool, a ٣ ٠ tool for convergence and dialogue in the national and international dimension of countries. This article is based on descriptive-analytical method and the method of data collection is based on documentary and library and comparative study.

Today the role of sports and physical activities are going beyond an exercise or a kind of entertainment, and has various health, social, cultural, economic, and most importantly political and international functions. The widely spread around the world; sport has become as an international instrument in international relations. The internationalization of some kind of sports has led many countries to see international sports competition as a field to advance their national interests and political goals. In this context, the concept of sports DIPLOMACY beside other types of DIPLOMACY has emerged. This paper investigates the role of sports in particular, major international sporting events in advancing countries’ diplomatic goals.

Definition, as the logicians say, is a mechanism for getting the unknown part in imaginations. For knowing something truly, there is no way except resorting to definition. Now the question is where and when definition can have such a usage. Finding a part of the answer will derive us to discussion about the conditions of definition, some of which are the FORMAL conditions. Among the most important FORMAL conditions of definition are the composition and the way the elements of definition are formulated. However, accepting these conditions necessitates more discussions; this shows the complexity of this discussion and leads us to the fact that definition is not just a logical discussion; rather, it has a philosophical and epistemological identity as well as linguistic dimensions.

Since 1990s, the world has witnessed the growing presence of China on the economic, political and security scenes. The vast range of China’s economic interests has inevitably tie the Chinese state to the global political and security issues, and as a result, its authorities have abandoned their traditional and Maoist thoughts, adopted a pragmatist approach to global affairs, and thus have sought to establish wider interactions with the international system by all means and methods including defence DIPLOMACY. Given the importance of this issue and future prospects of the rise of China as a major global power in the coming decades, this article will try to elucidate the concept of defence DIPLOMACY and then examine its place, forms and potential trends in the Chinese macro foreign policy orientation. Subsequently, China’s military relations with the United States, Russia, and other great powers as well as with its neighbouring regions including the Islamic Republic of Iran will be considered, and at the end significant characteristics of Chinese defence DIPLOMACY will be outlined and recapped.

Defence DIPLOMACY is one of those elements that play a decisive role in the general defence policy of countries. Having changed their defence policies from deterrence and territorial defence to participatory/collaborative and collective security, European states have enhanced the application of defence strategies in their foreign policy-making. Thus the object of European defence DIPLOMACY consists in the use of democratic military forces to manage crises and resolve conflicts. This writing will endeavour at first to provide a theoretical explanation of defence DIPLOMACY and examine the practical measures and functional aspects of European defence DIPLOMACY during the 1990s, with special emphasis on the four categories of mutual military relations, reinvigoration of democratic processes, augmentation of the ability to act reciprocally, and provision of support for unchangeable security objectives. It will then consider the post-9/11 security threats and the resultant change in Europe’s security strategy from collaborative regional security to collaborative trans-regional security, and eventually will explore the European defence DIPLOMACY in terms of NATO’s activities and EU “Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)” in Afghanistan and Iraq.

The purpose of this study is to identify the role of sport as a soft power for Iran to facilitate its diplomatic relations after the nuclear deal. The research method used in this study is mixed (qualitative and quantitative): in the qualitative part of the analysis, the study sample was selected via Snowball sampling based on partricipants’,expertise in the sport DIPLOMACY of Iran after two rounds of Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) exploratory factor analysis. Seven components of political currents, cultural exchange, peacemaking, national unity, economic development, transformation, communication, and religious currents were extracted. After identifying the study’, s research variables in a structuralinterpretive modeling, the relationship between variables was examined through a structural equation modeling test. The results of the structural equation model indicated that political currents, cultural exchange, transformation and communication had a direct and significant effect on national unity. The relationship between political and peacebuilding was not confirmed, but national unity and excellence in peace DIPLOMACY had a direct and significant impact on the economic development of societies.